Publications

Brain-computer interface control with artificial intelligence copilots

Lee JY*, Lee S*, Mishra A*, Yan X*, McMahan B*, Gaisford B, Kobashigawa C, Qu M, Xie C, Kao JC

Nature Machine Intelligence (in press), 2025

Inter-brain neural dynamics in biological and artificial intelligence systems

Zhang X*, Phi N*, Li Q, Gorzek R, Zwingenberger N, Huang S, Zhou JL, Kingsbury L, Raam T, Wu YE, Wei D, Kao JC**, Hong W**

Nature, 2025    Article

Multiregional representations of intertemporal decision making in human single neurons

Gill JL*, Omidbeigi M*, Ryu J, Suthana N, Kao JC**, Bari A**

Scientific Reports, 2025 Article

(Preprint) Illusions of alignment between large language models and brains emerge from fragile methods and overlooked confounds

Hadidi N*, Feghhi E*, Song BH, Blank IA**, Kao JC**

bioRxiv, 2025    Article 

Spontaneous pain dynamics characterized by stochasticity in neural recordings of awake humans with chronic pain

Ryu J, Kao JC, Bari A

Pain, 2025    Article

Volatile working memory representations crystallize with practice

Bellafard A, Namvar G, Kao JC, Vaziri A, Golshani P

Nature, 2024    Article

Control of feeding by a bottom up midbrain-subthalamic pathway

Reis FMCV, Maesta-Pereira S, Ollivier M, Schuette PJ, Sethi E, Miranda BA, Iniguez E, Chakerian M, Vaughn E, Sehgal M, Nguyen DCT, Yuan FTH, Torossian A, Ikebara JM, Kihara AH, Silva AJ, Kao JC, Khakh BS, Adhikari A

Nature Communications, 2024    Article

A cortical information bottleneck during decision-making

Kleinman M, Wang T, Xiao D, Feghhi E, Lee K, Carr N, Li Y, Hadidi N, Chandrasekaran C*, Kao JC*

eLife, 2023    Article

A pilot study of closed-loop neuromodulation for treatment-resistant post-traumatic stress disorder

Gill JL*, Schneiders JA*, Stangl M, Aghajan ZM, Vallejo M, Hiller S, Topalovic U, Inman CS, Villaroman D, Bari A, Adhikari A, Rao, VR, Fanselow MS, Craske MG, Krahl SE, Chen JWY, Vick M, Hasulak NR, Kao, JC, Koek RJ, Suthana N**, Langevin JP**

Nature Communications, 2023    Article

GABAergic CA1 neurons are more stable following context changes than glutamatergic cells

Schuette PJ*, Ikebara JM*, Maesta-Pereira S, Torossian A, Sethi E, Kihara AH, Kao JC, Reis FMCV, Adhikari A

Scientific Reports, 2022    Article | PDF

Dorsal premammillary projection to periaqueductal gray controls escape vigor from innate and conditioned threats

Wang W*, Schuette PJ*, La-Vu MQ, Torossian A, Tobias BC, Ceko M, Kragel P, Reis FMCV, Ji S, Sehgal M, Maesta-Pereira S, Chakerian M, Silva AJ, Canteras NS, Wager T, Kao JC, Adhikari A

eLife, 2021    Article | PDF

Redundant information neural estimation

Kleinman M, Achille A, Soatto S, Kao JC

Entropy, 2021    Article | PDF

Dorsal periaqueductal gray ensembles represent approach and avoidance states

Reis FMCV*, Lee JY*, Maesta-Pereira S, Schuette PJ, Chakerian M, Liu J, La-Vu MQ, Tobias BC, Ikebara JM, Kihara AH, Canteras NS, Kao JC**, Adhikari A**

eLife, 2021    Article | PDF

An artificial intelligence that increases simulated brain-computer interface performance 

Olsen S*, Zhang J*, Liang K, Lam M, Riaz U, Kao JC

Journal of Neural Engineering, 2021    Article | PDF | Supplement

Shared dorsal periaqueductal gray activation patterns during exposure to innate and conditioned threats 

Reis FMCV*, Liu J*, Schuette PJ, Lee JY, Maesta-Pereira S, Chakerian M, Wang W, Canteras NS, Kao JC**, Adhikari A**

The Journal of Neuroscience, 2021    Article | PDF

Coordination of escape and spatial navigation circuits orchestrates versatile flight from threats

Wang W*, Schuette PJ*, Nagai J, Tobias BC, Reis FMCV, Ji S, de Lima MAX, La-Vu MQ, Maesta-Pereira S, Chakerian M, Leonard SJ, Lin L, Severino AL, Cahill CM, Canteras NS, Khakh BS, Kao JC, Adhikari A

Neuron, 2021    Article | PDF | Supplement

Measurement, manipulation and modeling of brain-wide neural population dynamics

Shenoy KV, Kao JC

Nature Communications, 2021    Article | PDF

Long-term characterization of hippocampal remapping during contextual fear acquisition and extinction

Schuette PJ*, Reis FMCV*, Maesta-Pereira S, Chakerian M, Torossian A, Blair GJ, Wang W, Blair HT, Fanselow MS, Kao JC**, Adhikari A**

The Journal of Neuroscience, 2020     Article | PDF 

Structure in neural activity during observed and executed movements is shared at the neural population level, not in single neurons

Jiang X, Saggar H, Ryu SI, Shenoy KV, Kao JC

Cell Reports, 2020     Article | PDF | Supplement | Code

• The code performs the various subspace optimizations in the article above. It is based on the manopt library.

A low-power band of neuronal spiking activity dominated by local single units improves the performance of brain–machine interfaces

Nason SR, Vaskov AK, Willsey MS, Welle EJ, An H, Vu PP, Bullard AJ, Nu CS, Kao JC, Shenoy KV, Jang T, Kim H-S, Blaauw D, Patil PG, Chestek CA

Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2020     Article | PDF | Supplement 

Deep learning neural encoders for motor cortex

Liang K, Kao JC

IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 2019     Article | PDF | Supplement

Considerations for using recurrent neural networks to probe neural dynamics

Kao JC

Journal of Neurophysiology, 2019     Article | PDF

(Preprint) Time-Masked Transformers with Lightweight Test-Time Adaptation for Neural Speech Decoding

Feghhi E, Kaasyap S, Hadidi N, Kao JC

arXiv, 2025    Article 

(Preprint) SplashNet: Split-and-Share Encoders for Accurate and Efficient Typing with Surface Electromyography

Hadidi N, Chan J, Feghhi E, Kao JC

arXiv, 2025    Article 

(Preprint) Flattening Hierarchies with Policy Bootstrapping

Zhou JL, Kao JC

arXiv, 2025    Article 

Using reinforcement learning to investigate neural dynamics during motor learning

Xiao D, Liang K, Ji K, Kao JC

IEEE EMBC, 2025

Shared autonomy with IDA: Interventional Diffusion Assistance

McMahan B, Peng Z, Zhou B, Kao JC

NeurIPS, 2024   Article

Reciprocal reward influence encourages cooperation from self-interested agents

Zhou JL, Hong W, Kao JC

NeurIPS, 2024   Article

Learning rule influences recurrent network representations but not attractor structure in decision-making tasks

McMahan B, Kleinman M, Kao JC

NeurIPS, 2021   Paper | PDF | Supplement | Code

A mechanistic multi-area recurrent network model of decision-making

Kleinman M, Chandrasekaran C*, Kao JC*

NeurIPS, 2021    Paper | PDF | Supplement

Usable information and evolution of optimal representations during training

Kleinman M, Achille A, Idnani D, Kao JC

International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2021   Paper

Redundant Information Neural Estimation

Kleinman M, Achille A, Soatto S, Kao JC

ICLR Workshop on Neural Compressions, 2021    Paper

A multi-stage recurrent neural network better describes decision-related activity in dorsal premotor cortex

Kleinman MJ, Chandramouli C, Kao JC

Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience (Berlin, Germany), 2019     Paper | PDF